islocalmax
Find local maxima
Syntax
Description
returns a logical array whose elements are 1 (TF
= islocalmax(A
)true
) when a local
maximum is detected in the corresponding element of A
.
You can use islocalmax
functionality interactively by adding
the Find Local
Extrema task to a live script.
specifies parameters in addition to any of the input argument combinations in
previous syntaxes for finding local maxima using one or more name-value arguments.
For example, TF
= islocalmax(___,Name,Value
)islocalmax(A,'SamplePoints',t)
finds local maxima of
A
with respect to the time stamps contained in the time
vector t
.
[
also returns the prominence corresponding to each element of TF
,P
] = islocalmax(___)A
.
Examples
Local Maxima in Vector
Compute and plot the local maxima of a vector of data.
x = 1:100;
A = (1-cos(2*pi*0.01*x)).*sin(2*pi*0.15*x);
TF = islocalmax(A);
plot(x,A,x(TF),A(TF),'r*')
Maxima in Matrix Rows
Create a matrix of data, and compute the local maxima for each row.
A = 25*diag(ones(5,1)) + rand(5,5); TF = islocalmax(A,2)
TF = 5x5 logical array
0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 0
Separated Maxima
Compute the local maxima of a vector of data relative to the time stamps in the vector t
. Use the MinSeparation
parameter to compute maxima that are at least 45 minutes apart.
t = hours(linspace(0,3,15)); A = [2 4 6 4 3 7 5 6 5 10 4 -1 -3 -2 0]; TF = islocalmax(A,'MinSeparation',minutes(45),'SamplePoints',t); plot(t,A,t(TF),A(TF),'r*')
Flat Maxima Regions
Specify a method for indicating consecutive maxima values.
Compute the local maxima of data that contains consecutive maxima values. Indicate the maximum of each flat region based on the first occurrence of that value.
x = 0:0.1:5; A = min(0.75, sin(pi*x)); TF1 = islocalmax(A,'FlatSelection','first'); plot(x,A,x(TF1),A(TF1),'r*')
Indicate the maximum of each flat region with all occurrences of that value.
TF2 = islocalmax(A,'FlatSelection','all'); plot(x,A,x(TF2),A(TF2),'r*')
Prominent Maxima
Select maxima based on their prominence.
Compute the local maxima of a vector of data and their prominence, and then plot them with the data.
x = 1:100; A = peaks(100); A = A(50,:); [TF1,P] = islocalmax(A); P(TF1)
ans = 1×2
1.7703 3.5548
plot(x,A,x(TF1),A(TF1),'r*') axis tight
Compute only the most prominent maximum in the data by specifying a minimum prominence requirement.
TF2 = islocalmax(A,'MinProminence',2); plot(x,A,x(TF2),A(TF2),'r*') axis tight
Input Arguments
A
— Input data
vector | matrix | multidimensional array | table | timetable
Input data, specified as a vector, matrix, multidimensional array, table, or timetable.
dim
— Operating dimension
positive integer scalar
Operating dimension, specified as a positive integer scalar. If no value is specified, then the default is the first array dimension whose size does not equal 1.
Consider an m
-by-n
input matrix,
A
:
islocalmax(A,1)
computes local maxima according to the data in each column ofA
and returns anm
-by-n
matrix.islocalmax(A,2)
computes local maxima according to the data in each row ofA
and returns anm
-by-n
matrix.
For table or timetable input data, dim
is not supported
and operation is along each table or timetable variable separately.
Name-Value Arguments
Specify optional pairs of arguments as
Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN
, where Name
is
the argument name and Value
is the corresponding value.
Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the
pairs does not matter.
Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose
Name
in quotes.
Example: TF = islocalmax(A,'MinProminence',2)
SamplePoints
— Sample points
vector | table variable name | scalar | function handle | table vartype
subscript
Sample points, specified as a vector of sample point values or one of
the options in the following table when the input data is a table. The
sample points represent the x-axis locations of the
data, and must be sorted and contain unique elements. Sample points do
not need to be uniformly sampled. The vector [1 2 3
...]
is the default.
When the input data is a table, you can specify the sample points as a table variable using one of these options:
Indexing Scheme | Examples |
---|---|
Variable name:
|
|
Variable index:
|
|
Function handle:
|
|
Variable type:
|
|
Note
This name-value argument is not supported when the input data is a
timetable
. Timetables use the vector of row times as the sample
points. To use different sample points, you must edit the timetable so that the row times
contain the desired sample points.
Example: islocalmax(A,'SamplePoints',0:0.1:10)
Example: islocalmax(T,'SamplePoints',"Var1")
DataVariables
— Table variables to operate on
table variable name | scalar | vector | cell array | pattern | function handle | table vartype
subscript
Table variables to operate on, specified as one of the options in this
table. The DataVariables
value indicates which
variables of the input table to examine for local maxima. The data type
associated with the indicated variables must be numeric or
logical
.
The first output TF
contains
false
for variables not specified by
DataVariables
unless the value of
OutputFormat
is
'tabular'
.
Indexing Scheme | Values to Specify | Examples |
---|---|---|
Variable names |
|
|
Variable index |
|
|
Function handle |
|
|
Variable type |
|
|
Example: islocalmax(T,'DataVariables',["Var1" "Var2"
"Var4"])
OutputFormat
— Output data type
'logical'
(default) | 'tabular'
Output data type, specified as one of these values:
'logical'
— For table or timetable input data, return the outputTF
as a logical array.'tabular'
— For table input data, return the outputTF
as a table. For timetable input data, return the outputTF
as a timetable.
For vector, matrix, or multidimensional array input data,
OutputFormat
is not supported.
Example: islocalmax(T,'OutputFormat','tabular')
MinProminence
— Minimum prominence
0 (default) | nonnegative scalar
Minimum prominence, specified as a nonnegative scalar.
islocalmax
returns only local maxima whose
prominence is at least the value specified.
ProminenceWindow
— Prominence window
positive integer scalar | two-element vector of positive integers | positive duration scalar | two-element vector of positive durations
Prominence window, specified as a positive integer scalar, a two-element vector of positive integers, a positive duration scalar, or a two-element vector of positive durations. The value defines a window of neighboring points for which to compute the prominence for each local maximum.
When the window value is a positive integer scalar
k, then the window is centered about each local
maximum and contains k-1
neighboring elements. If k is even, then the window
is centered about the current and previous elements. If a local maximum
is within a flat region, then islocalmax
treats the
entire flat region as the center point of the window.
When the value is a two-element vector of positive
integers[b f]
, then the window contains the local
maximum, b
elements backward, and
f
elements forward. If a local maximum is within
a flat region, then the window starts b
elements
before the first point of the region and ends f
elements after the last point of the region.
When the input data is a timetable or SamplePoints
is specified as a datetime
or
duration
vector, the window value must be of type
duration
, and the window is computed relative to
the sample points.
FlatSelection
— Flat region indicator
'center'
(default) | 'first'
| 'last'
| 'all'
Flat region indicator for when a local maximum value is repeated consecutively, specified as one of these values:
'center'
— Indicate only the center element of a flat region as the local maximum. The element ofTF
corresponding to the center of the flat is 1, and is 0 for the remaining flat elements.'first'
— Indicate only the first element of a flat region as the local maximum. The element ofTF
corresponding to the start of the flat is 1, and is 0 for the remaining flat elements.'last'
— Indicate only the last element of a flat region as the local maximum. The element ofTF
corresponding to the end of the flat is 1, and is 0 for the remaining flat elements.'all'
— Indicate all the elements of a flat region as the local maxima. The elements ofTF
corresponding to all parts of the flat are 1.
When using the MinSeparation
or
MaxNumExtrema
name-value arguments, flat region
points are jointly considered a single maximum point.
MinSeparation
— Minimum separation
0 (default) | nonnegative scalar
Minimum separation between local maxima, specified as a nonnegative
scalar. The separation value is defined in the same units as the sample
points vector, which is [1 2 3 ...]
by default. When
the separation value is greater than 0, islocalmax
selects the largest local maximum and ignores all other local maxima
within the specified separation. This process is repeated until there
are no more local maxima detected.
When the sample points vector has type datetime
,
the separation value must have type duration
.
MaxNumExtrema
— Maximum number of maxima
positive integer scalar
Maximum number of maxima, specified as a positive integer scalar.
islocalmax
finds no more than the specified
number of the most prominent maxima, which is the length of the
operating dimension by default.
Output Arguments
TF
— Local maxima indicator
vector | matrix | multidimensional array | table | timetable
Local maxima indicator, returned as a vector, matrix, multidimensional array, table, or timetable.
TF
is the same size as A
unless the
value of OutputFormat
is 'tabular'
. If
the value of OutputFormat
is
'tabular'
, then TF
only has variables
corresponding to the DataVariables
specified.
Data Types: logical
P
— Prominence
vector | matrix | multidimensional array | table | timetable
Prominence, returned as a vector, matrix, multidimensional array, table, or timetable.
If
P
is a vector, matrix, or multidimensional array,P
is the same size asA
.If
P
is a table or timetable,P
is the same height asA
and only has variables corresponding to theDataVariables
specified.
If the input data has a signed or unsigned integer type, then
P
is an unsigned integer.
More About
Prominence of Local Maximum
The prominence of a local maximum (or peak) measures how the peak stands out with respect to its height and location relative to other peaks.
To measure the prominence of a peak, first extend a horizontal line from the peak. Find where the line intersects the data on the left and on the right, which will either be another peak or the end of the data. Mark these locations as the outer endpoints of the left and right intervals. Next, find the lowest valley in both intervals. Take the larger of these two valleys, and measure the vertical distance from that valley to the peak. This distance is the prominence.
For a vector x
, the largest prominence is at
most max(x)-min(x)
.
Alternative Functionality
Live Editor Task
You can use islocalmax
functionality interactively by adding
the Find Local
Extrema task to a live script.
Extended Capabilities
Tall Arrays
Calculate with arrays that have more rows than fit in memory.
The
islocalmax
function supports tall arrays with the following usage
notes and limitations:
Tall timetables are not supported.
You must specify a value for the
ProminenceWindow
name-value argument.The
MaxNumExtrema
,MinSeparation
, andSamplePoints
name-value arguments are not supported.The value of
DataVariables
cannot be a function handle.
For more information, see Tall Arrays.
C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.
Usage notes and limitations:
You must enable support for variable-size arrays.
The
ProminenceWindow
name-value argument is not supported.
Thread-Based Environment
Run code in the background using MATLAB® backgroundPool
or accelerate code with Parallel Computing Toolbox™ ThreadPool
.
This function fully supports thread-based environments. For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions in Thread-Based Environment.
GPU Arrays
Accelerate code by running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.
The islocalmax
function
fully supports GPU arrays. To run the function on a GPU, specify the input data as a gpuArray
(Parallel Computing Toolbox). For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions on a GPU (Parallel Computing Toolbox).
Version History
Introduced in R2017bR2022a: Return table or timetable containing logical output
For table or timetable input data, return a tabular output TF
instead
of a logical array by setting the OutputFormat
name-value argument to
'tabular'
.
R2021b: Specify sample points as table variable
For table input data, specify the sample points as a table variable using the
SamplePoints
name-value argument.
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