How to replace the elements of a matrix using the conditions if,else?

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I want to replace the elements of a matrix
using different conditions. For instance, let all
elements larger than 0.5 be replaced by -1, else
keep the way it is.
So I thought I should simply write the command below:
X=rand(10,10);
if X(:,:)>0.5;
T(:,:)=-1;
else T=X(:,:);
end;
but it does not work because T==X.
Could someone tell me how to correct these command lines?
Thank you
Emerson

Accepted Answer

Matt Fig
Matt Fig on 5 Jun 2011
IF statements do not pick out elements of an array like you are imagining that they do. When you write this:
if conditional
% Do something
end
for non-scalar conditional, the IF statement will pass if and only if all of the elements in conditional are true or non-zero. For example:
x = [1 2 3]; % All are non-zero, passes conditional...
if x
disp('In if')
end
but now change it to:
x = [1 2 0]; % All are not non-zero, fails conditional...
if x
disp('In if')
end
So the way you have to do what you want is either through logical indexing, or by single value through iteration.
% iteration approach - look at one value at a time!
x = [.1 .2 .3 .7 .8 .9 .1 .2 .3]; % Work with this array.
T = zeros(size(x)); % Make another array to fill up...
for ii = 1:length(x)
if x(ii)>.5
T(ii) = 99;
else
T(ii) = -100;
end
end
% Logical indexing approach
x = [.1 .2 .3 .7 .8 .9 .1 .2 .3]; % Work with this array.
T(x>.5) = 99;
T(x<=.5) = -100
  4 Comments
Emerson De Souza
Emerson De Souza on 5 Jun 2011
Thank you Mattfig,
that fixed the problem.
Wish you a nice day
Emerson
Nick
Nick on 30 Oct 2019
Mattfig,
What should be done if each individual element must be sorted through but there are thousands of elements. My script takes way too long to run. Is there any optimiziation?

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More Answers (6)

Rain
Rain on 11 Dec 2013
Edited: madhan ravi on 15 Jan 2019
Hi,
Actually, there is a very simple way to do it:
X=rand(10,10);
X(X>0.5) = [-1];
Hope it is helpful.
  4 Comments
Majid Mahmoodabadi
Majid Mahmoodabadi on 16 Apr 2022
Hi,
I have a matrix as following and want to increase the value of numbers (by 1) that are less than 9.
B= [12,16,5,6,7,11,13,22]
I applied the below logic:
B(B<9)= [B(i)+1]
This is what I got:
B =
12 16 17 17 17 11 13 22
But, I look for a response like this:
B =
12 16 6 7 8 11 13 22
I appreciate it if you could help me.

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Ivan van der Kroon
Ivan van der Kroon on 5 Jun 2011
You don;t need the if-statment here but only the logicals. This gives you a matrix with ones where X is larger than 0.5 and zeros other wise
(X>0.5)
To solve your problem
T = X.* (X<=0.5)-(X>0.5);
Alls values smaller than or equal to 0.5 are kept while the others are set to zero and then a matrix is added that has entries of -1 for the entries of X larger than 0.5.
  1 Comment
Emerson De Souza
Emerson De Souza on 5 Jun 2011
Hi Ivan
thank you for your help.
For this particular case you are right.
But how do we write, if the matrix T is build up
based on conditions of several matrices?
For example: The elements of T equals -1 if:
1) the elements of L>0.5 AND
2) the elements of M=0 AND
3) the elements of N<0.5
if any of these conditions is not satisfied, T equals the elements of M+1
Hope there is a way to do it
Thank you in advance
Emerson

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Ivan van der Kroon
Ivan van der Kroon on 5 Jun 2011
Just implement it for multiple matrices using element multplication:
Logical=(L>0.5).*(M==0).*(N<0.5);
T=-Logical+(M+1).*Logical;
  3 Comments
Ivan van der Kroon
Ivan van der Kroon on 6 Jun 2011
Sorry, typo: it should be T=-Logical+(M+1).*(1-Logical); Ones and zeros.
Kelly Kearney
Kelly Kearney on 11 Dec 2013
That seems a little convoluted (I see how you're combining both assignments into one, but for a beginner the syntax might not be clear). This might be better:
T = M + 1;
T(L > 0.5 & M == 0 & N < 0.5) = -1;

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yashar khatib shahidi
yashar khatib shahidi on 3 May 2015
I have a row vector like a = [3 4 6 8 9] then I want to replace third element which is 6 with 5 and 8 so the new vector becomes b = [3 4 5 8 8 9]. What is the function to convert the vector. Thanks

Jyahway Dong
Jyahway Dong on 19 Oct 2016
This is very important message for me, spend hours try to debug this and thank you all

Kinga Gyeltshen
Kinga Gyeltshen on 16 Mar 2021
I have a 9x9 matrix and in every iteration i want to retain the 3x3 matrix and on to it I want to add the 4,5,6,7,8,9 (row, column) element to the 3x3 matrix to form 4x4 matrix. The fourth element (row,column) should get replaced with the remaining element of the 9x9 matrix. Can anyone help me with a simple and condensed algorithm to get it done please.
Thank you.

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