Beamforming at the Transmitter

1 view (last 30 days)
Jayanth Shenoy
Jayanth Shenoy on 22 Feb 2021
Answered: Abhishek on 19 Jun 2025
I'm interested in implementing a narrowband phase shift beamformer at a tx ULA antenna array. The example https://www.mathworks.com/help/phased/ref/phased.phaseshiftbeamformer-system-object.html only shows the beamformer after signal collection. However, a tx will be radiating a signal instead so I'm wondering how exactly to apply the beamformer when transmitting a signal via antenna array.

Answers (1)

Abhishek
Abhishek on 19 Jun 2025
To implement a narrowband phase shift beamformer on a transmit uniform linear array (ULA), the key idea is to apply the appropriate steering vector to the baseband signal before transmission. This pre-weighting ensures that the signals constructively interfere in the desired direction when radiated from the antenna elements.
The beamformed transmit signal across all antennas can be expressed as:
x(t)=a(θ)⋅s(t)
were
  • ‘a(θ)’ represents the steering vector for the desired direction
  • ‘s(t)’ represents the baseband signal
  • ‘x(t)’ represents the signal sent from each antenna
In a transmit ULA; to steer a narrowband signal toward a desired direction ‘θ’, the key idea is to multiply the baseband signal by a steering vector. This phase shift across elements causes constructive interference in the target direction.
Therefore, after applying the steering vector to the baseband signal, it will give you full control over how signals are radiated from each antenna element in the ULA.
I wrote a minimal code to ensure this workflow:
% Parameters
fc = 2.5e9; % Carrier frequency
c = physconst('LightSpeed');
lambda = c/fc;
N = 8; % Number of elements
d = lambda/2;
% Define ULA
array = phased.ULA('NumElements', N, 'ElementSpacing', d);
% Generate steering vector for desired transmit angle
angle_deg = 30;
steervec = phased.SteeringVector('SensorArray', array, 'IncludeElementResponse', false);
a_theta = steervec(fc, angle_deg); % Nx1 complex weights
% Baseband signal to transmit (using a sinusoid as an example)
t = (0:1e-8:1e-6);
s = sin(2*pi*1e6*t);
s = s(:);
tx_signals = a_theta * s.'
tx_signals =
Columns 1 through 9 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0444 + 0.0444i 0.0886 + 0.0886i 0.1325 + 0.1325i 0.1759 + 0.1759i 0.2185 + 0.2185i 0.2603 + 0.2603i 0.3011 + 0.3011i 0.3407 + 0.3407i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -0.0444 + 0.0444i -0.0886 + 0.0886i -0.1325 + 0.1325i -0.1759 + 0.1759i -0.2185 + 0.2185i -0.2603 + 0.2603i -0.3011 + 0.3011i -0.3407 + 0.3407i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -0.0444 - 0.0444i -0.0886 - 0.0886i -0.1325 - 0.1325i -0.1759 - 0.1759i -0.2185 - 0.2185i -0.2603 - 0.2603i -0.3011 - 0.3011i -0.3407 - 0.3407i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0444 - 0.0444i 0.0886 - 0.0886i 0.1325 - 0.1325i 0.1759 - 0.1759i 0.2185 - 0.2185i 0.2603 - 0.2603i 0.3011 - 0.3011i 0.3407 - 0.3407i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0444 + 0.0444i 0.0886 + 0.0886i 0.1325 + 0.1325i 0.1759 + 0.1759i 0.2185 + 0.2185i 0.2603 + 0.2603i 0.3011 + 0.3011i 0.3407 + 0.3407i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -0.0444 + 0.0444i -0.0886 + 0.0886i -0.1325 + 0.1325i -0.1759 + 0.1759i -0.2185 + 0.2185i -0.2603 + 0.2603i -0.3011 + 0.3011i -0.3407 + 0.3407i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -0.0444 - 0.0444i -0.0886 - 0.0886i -0.1325 - 0.1325i -0.1759 - 0.1759i -0.2185 - 0.2185i -0.2603 - 0.2603i -0.3011 - 0.3011i -0.3407 - 0.3407i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0444 - 0.0444i 0.0886 - 0.0886i 0.1325 - 0.1325i 0.1759 - 0.1759i 0.2185 - 0.2185i 0.2603 - 0.2603i 0.3011 - 0.3011i 0.3407 - 0.3407i Columns 10 through 18 0.3789 + 0.3789i 0.4156 + 0.4156i 0.4507 + 0.4507i 0.4840 + 0.4840i 0.5155 + 0.5155i 0.5448 + 0.5448i 0.5721 + 0.5721i 0.5970 + 0.5970i 0.6196 + 0.6196i -0.3789 + 0.3789i -0.4156 + 0.4156i -0.4507 + 0.4507i -0.4840 + 0.4840i -0.5155 + 0.5155i -0.5448 + 0.5448i -0.5721 + 0.5721i -0.5970 + 0.5970i -0.6196 + 0.6196i -0.3789 - 0.3789i -0.4156 - 0.4156i -0.4507 - 0.4507i -0.4840 - 0.4840i -0.5155 - 0.5155i -0.5448 - 0.5448i -0.5721 - 0.5721i -0.5970 - 0.5970i -0.6196 - 0.6196i 0.3789 - 0.3789i 0.4156 - 0.4156i 0.4507 - 0.4507i 0.4840 - 0.4840i 0.5155 - 0.5155i 0.5448 - 0.5448i 0.5721 - 0.5721i 0.5970 - 0.5970i 0.6196 - 0.6196i 0.3789 + 0.3789i 0.4156 + 0.4156i 0.4507 + 0.4507i 0.4840 + 0.4840i 0.5155 + 0.5155i 0.5448 + 0.5448i 0.5721 + 0.5721i 0.5970 + 0.5970i 0.6196 + 0.6196i -0.3789 + 0.3789i -0.4156 + 0.4156i -0.4507 + 0.4507i -0.4840 + 0.4840i -0.5155 + 0.5155i -0.5448 + 0.5448i -0.5721 + 0.5721i -0.5970 + 0.5970i -0.6196 + 0.6196i -0.3789 - 0.3789i -0.4156 - 0.4156i -0.4507 - 0.4507i -0.4840 - 0.4840i -0.5155 - 0.5155i -0.5448 - 0.5448i -0.5721 - 0.5721i -0.5970 - 0.5970i -0.6196 - 0.6196i 0.3789 - 0.3789i 0.4156 - 0.4156i 0.4507 - 0.4507i 0.4840 - 0.4840i 0.5155 - 0.5155i 0.5448 - 0.5448i 0.5721 - 0.5721i 0.5970 - 0.5970i 0.6196 - 0.6196i Columns 19 through 27 0.6398 + 0.6398i 0.6575 + 0.6575i 0.6725 + 0.6725i 0.6849 + 0.6849i 0.6946 + 0.6946i 0.7015 + 0.7015i 0.7057 + 0.7057i 0.7071 + 0.7071i 0.7057 + 0.7057i -0.6398 + 0.6398i -0.6575 + 0.6575i -0.6725 + 0.6725i -0.6849 + 0.6849i -0.6946 + 0.6946i -0.7015 + 0.7015i -0.7057 + 0.7057i -0.7071 + 0.7071i -0.7057 + 0.7057i -0.6398 - 0.6398i -0.6575 - 0.6575i -0.6725 - 0.6725i -0.6849 - 0.6849i -0.6946 - 0.6946i -0.7015 - 0.7015i -0.7057 - 0.7057i -0.7071 - 0.7071i -0.7057 - 0.7057i 0.6398 - 0.6398i 0.6575 - 0.6575i 0.6725 - 0.6725i 0.6849 - 0.6849i 0.6946 - 0.6946i 0.7015 - 0.7015i 0.7057 - 0.7057i 0.7071 - 0.7071i 0.7057 - 0.7057i 0.6398 + 0.6398i 0.6575 + 0.6575i 0.6725 + 0.6725i 0.6849 + 0.6849i 0.6946 + 0.6946i 0.7015 + 0.7015i 0.7057 + 0.7057i 0.7071 + 0.7071i 0.7057 + 0.7057i -0.6398 + 0.6398i -0.6575 + 0.6575i -0.6725 + 0.6725i -0.6849 + 0.6849i -0.6946 + 0.6946i -0.7015 + 0.7015i -0.7057 + 0.7057i -0.7071 + 0.7071i -0.7057 + 0.7057i -0.6398 - 0.6398i -0.6575 - 0.6575i -0.6725 - 0.6725i -0.6849 - 0.6849i -0.6946 - 0.6946i -0.7015 - 0.7015i -0.7057 - 0.7057i -0.7071 - 0.7071i -0.7057 - 0.7057i 0.6398 - 0.6398i 0.6575 - 0.6575i 0.6725 - 0.6725i 0.6849 - 0.6849i 0.6946 - 0.6946i 0.7015 - 0.7015i 0.7057 - 0.7057i 0.7071 - 0.7071i 0.7057 - 0.7057i Columns 28 through 36 0.7015 + 0.7015i 0.6946 + 0.6946i 0.6849 + 0.6849i 0.6725 + 0.6725i 0.6575 + 0.6575i 0.6398 + 0.6398i 0.6196 + 0.6196i 0.5970 + 0.5970i 0.5721 + 0.5721i -0.7015 + 0.7015i -0.6946 + 0.6946i -0.6849 + 0.6849i -0.6725 + 0.6725i -0.6575 + 0.6575i -0.6398 + 0.6398i -0.6196 + 0.6196i -0.5970 + 0.5970i -0.5721 + 0.5721i -0.7015 - 0.7015i -0.6946 - 0.6946i -0.6849 - 0.6849i -0.6725 - 0.6725i -0.6575 - 0.6575i -0.6398 - 0.6398i -0.6196 - 0.6196i -0.5970 - 0.5970i -0.5721 - 0.5721i 0.7015 - 0.7015i 0.6946 - 0.6946i 0.6849 - 0.6849i 0.6725 - 0.6725i 0.6575 - 0.6575i 0.6398 - 0.6398i 0.6196 - 0.6196i 0.5970 - 0.5970i 0.5721 - 0.5721i 0.7015 + 0.7015i 0.6946 + 0.6946i 0.6849 + 0.6849i 0.6725 + 0.6725i 0.6575 + 0.6575i 0.6398 + 0.6398i 0.6196 + 0.6196i 0.5970 + 0.5970i 0.5721 + 0.5721i -0.7015 + 0.7015i -0.6946 + 0.6946i -0.6849 + 0.6849i -0.6725 + 0.6725i -0.6575 + 0.6575i -0.6398 + 0.6398i -0.6196 + 0.6196i -0.5970 + 0.5970i -0.5721 + 0.5721i -0.7015 - 0.7015i -0.6946 - 0.6946i -0.6849 - 0.6849i -0.6725 - 0.6725i -0.6575 - 0.6575i -0.6398 - 0.6398i -0.6196 - 0.6196i -0.5970 - 0.5970i -0.5721 - 0.5721i 0.7015 - 0.7015i 0.6946 - 0.6946i 0.6849 - 0.6849i 0.6725 - 0.6725i 0.6575 - 0.6575i 0.6398 - 0.6398i 0.6196 - 0.6196i 0.5970 - 0.5970i 0.5721 - 0.5721i Columns 37 through 45 0.5448 + 0.5448i 0.5155 + 0.5155i 0.4840 + 0.4840i 0.4507 + 0.4507i 0.4156 + 0.4156i 0.3789 + 0.3789i 0.3407 + 0.3407i 0.3011 + 0.3011i 0.2603 + 0.2603i -0.5448 + 0.5448i -0.5155 + 0.5155i -0.4840 + 0.4840i -0.4507 + 0.4507i -0.4156 + 0.4156i -0.3789 + 0.3789i -0.3407 + 0.3407i -0.3011 + 0.3011i -0.2603 + 0.2603i -0.5448 - 0.5448i -0.5155 - 0.5155i -0.4840 - 0.4840i -0.4507 - 0.4507i -0.4156 - 0.4156i -0.3789 - 0.3789i -0.3407 - 0.3407i -0.3011 - 0.3011i -0.2603 - 0.2603i 0.5448 - 0.5448i 0.5155 - 0.5155i 0.4840 - 0.4840i 0.4507 - 0.4507i 0.4156 - 0.4156i 0.3789 - 0.3789i 0.3407 - 0.3407i 0.3011 - 0.3011i 0.2603 - 0.2603i 0.5448 + 0.5448i 0.5155 + 0.5155i 0.4840 + 0.4840i 0.4507 + 0.4507i 0.4156 + 0.4156i 0.3789 + 0.3789i 0.3407 + 0.3407i 0.3011 + 0.3011i 0.2603 + 0.2603i -0.5448 + 0.5448i -0.5155 + 0.5155i -0.4840 + 0.4840i -0.4507 + 0.4507i -0.4156 + 0.4156i -0.3789 + 0.3789i -0.3407 + 0.3407i -0.3011 + 0.3011i -0.2603 + 0.2603i -0.5448 - 0.5448i -0.5155 - 0.5155i -0.4840 - 0.4840i -0.4507 - 0.4507i -0.4156 - 0.4156i -0.3789 - 0.3789i -0.3407 - 0.3407i -0.3011 - 0.3011i -0.2603 - 0.2603i 0.5448 - 0.5448i 0.5155 - 0.5155i 0.4840 - 0.4840i 0.4507 - 0.4507i 0.4156 - 0.4156i 0.3789 - 0.3789i 0.3407 - 0.3407i 0.3011 - 0.3011i 0.2603 - 0.2603i Columns 46 through 54 0.2185 + 0.2185i 0.1759 + 0.1759i 0.1325 + 0.1325i 0.0886 + 0.0886i 0.0444 + 0.0444i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -0.0444 - 0.0444i -0.0886 - 0.0886i -0.1325 - 0.1325i -0.2185 + 0.2185i -0.1759 + 0.1759i -0.1325 + 0.1325i -0.0886 + 0.0886i -0.0444 + 0.0444i -0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0444 - 0.0444i 0.0886 - 0.0886i 0.1325 - 0.1325i -0.2185 - 0.2185i -0.1759 - 0.1759i -0.1325 - 0.1325i -0.0886 - 0.0886i -0.0444 - 0.0444i -0.0000 - 0.0000i 0.0444 + 0.0444i 0.0886 + 0.0886i 0.1325 + 0.1325i 0.2185 - 0.2185i 0.1759 - 0.1759i 0.1325 - 0.1325i 0.0886 - 0.0886i 0.0444 - 0.0444i 0.0000 - 0.0000i -0.0444 + 0.0444i -0.0886 + 0.0886i -0.1325 + 0.1325i 0.2185 + 0.2185i 0.1759 + 0.1759i 0.1325 + 0.1325i 0.0886 + 0.0886i 0.0444 + 0.0444i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -0.0444 - 0.0444i -0.0886 - 0.0886i -0.1325 - 0.1325i -0.2185 + 0.2185i -0.1759 + 0.1759i -0.1325 + 0.1325i -0.0886 + 0.0886i -0.0444 + 0.0444i -0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0444 - 0.0444i 0.0886 - 0.0886i 0.1325 - 0.1325i -0.2185 - 0.2185i -0.1759 - 0.1759i -0.1325 - 0.1325i -0.0886 - 0.0886i -0.0444 - 0.0444i -0.0000 - 0.0000i 0.0444 + 0.0444i 0.0886 + 0.0886i 0.1325 + 0.1325i 0.2185 - 0.2185i 0.1759 - 0.1759i 0.1325 - 0.1325i 0.0886 - 0.0886i 0.0444 - 0.0444i 0.0000 - 0.0000i -0.0444 + 0.0444i -0.0886 + 0.0886i -0.1325 + 0.1325i Columns 55 through 63 -0.1759 - 0.1759i -0.2185 - 0.2185i -0.2603 - 0.2603i -0.3011 - 0.3011i -0.3407 - 0.3407i -0.3789 - 0.3789i -0.4156 - 0.4156i -0.4507 - 0.4507i -0.4840 - 0.4840i 0.1759 - 0.1759i 0.2185 - 0.2185i 0.2603 - 0.2603i 0.3011 - 0.3011i 0.3407 - 0.3407i 0.3789 - 0.3789i 0.4156 - 0.4156i 0.4507 - 0.4507i 0.4840 - 0.4840i 0.1759 + 0.1759i 0.2185 + 0.2185i 0.2603 + 0.2603i 0.3011 + 0.3011i 0.3407 + 0.3407i 0.3789 + 0.3789i 0.4156 + 0.4156i 0.4507 + 0.4507i 0.4840 + 0.4840i -0.1759 + 0.1759i -0.2185 + 0.2185i -0.2603 + 0.2603i -0.3011 + 0.3011i -0.3407 + 0.3407i -0.3789 + 0.3789i -0.4156 + 0.4156i -0.4507 + 0.4507i -0.4840 + 0.4840i -0.1759 - 0.1759i -0.2185 - 0.2185i -0.2603 - 0.2603i -0.3011 - 0.3011i -0.3407 - 0.3407i -0.3789 - 0.3789i -0.4156 - 0.4156i -0.4507 - 0.4507i -0.4840 - 0.4840i 0.1759 - 0.1759i 0.2185 - 0.2185i 0.2603 - 0.2603i 0.3011 - 0.3011i 0.3407 - 0.3407i 0.3789 - 0.3789i 0.4156 - 0.4156i 0.4507 - 0.4507i 0.4840 - 0.4840i 0.1759 + 0.1759i 0.2185 + 0.2185i 0.2603 + 0.2603i 0.3011 + 0.3011i 0.3407 + 0.3407i 0.3789 + 0.3789i 0.4156 + 0.4156i 0.4507 + 0.4507i 0.4840 + 0.4840i -0.1759 + 0.1759i -0.2185 + 0.2185i -0.2603 + 0.2603i -0.3011 + 0.3011i -0.3407 + 0.3407i -0.3789 + 0.3789i -0.4156 + 0.4156i -0.4507 + 0.4507i -0.4840 + 0.4840i Columns 64 through 72 -0.5155 - 0.5155i -0.5448 - 0.5448i -0.5721 - 0.5721i -0.5970 - 0.5970i -0.6196 - 0.6196i -0.6398 - 0.6398i -0.6575 - 0.6575i -0.6725 - 0.6725i -0.6849 - 0.6849i 0.5155 - 0.5155i 0.5448 - 0.5448i 0.5721 - 0.5721i 0.5970 - 0.5970i 0.6196 - 0.6196i 0.6398 - 0.6398i 0.6575 - 0.6575i 0.6725 - 0.6725i 0.6849 - 0.6849i 0.5155 + 0.5155i 0.5448 + 0.5448i 0.5721 + 0.5721i 0.5970 + 0.5970i 0.6196 + 0.6196i 0.6398 + 0.6398i 0.6575 + 0.6575i 0.6725 + 0.6725i 0.6849 + 0.6849i -0.5155 + 0.5155i -0.5448 + 0.5448i -0.5721 + 0.5721i -0.5970 + 0.5970i -0.6196 + 0.6196i -0.6398 + 0.6398i -0.6575 + 0.6575i -0.6725 + 0.6725i -0.6849 + 0.6849i -0.5155 - 0.5155i -0.5448 - 0.5448i -0.5721 - 0.5721i -0.5970 - 0.5970i -0.6196 - 0.6196i -0.6398 - 0.6398i -0.6575 - 0.6575i -0.6725 - 0.6725i -0.6849 - 0.6849i 0.5155 - 0.5155i 0.5448 - 0.5448i 0.5721 - 0.5721i 0.5970 - 0.5970i 0.6196 - 0.6196i 0.6398 - 0.6398i 0.6575 - 0.6575i 0.6725 - 0.6725i 0.6849 - 0.6849i 0.5155 + 0.5155i 0.5448 + 0.5448i 0.5721 + 0.5721i 0.5970 + 0.5970i 0.6196 + 0.6196i 0.6398 + 0.6398i 0.6575 + 0.6575i 0.6725 + 0.6725i 0.6849 + 0.6849i -0.5155 + 0.5155i -0.5448 + 0.5448i -0.5721 + 0.5721i -0.5970 + 0.5970i -0.6196 + 0.6196i -0.6398 + 0.6398i -0.6575 + 0.6575i -0.6725 + 0.6725i -0.6849 + 0.6849i Columns 73 through 81 -0.6946 - 0.6946i -0.7015 - 0.7015i -0.7057 - 0.7057i -0.7071 - 0.7071i -0.7057 - 0.7057i -0.7015 - 0.7015i -0.6946 - 0.6946i -0.6849 - 0.6849i -0.6725 - 0.6725i 0.6946 - 0.6946i 0.7015 - 0.7015i 0.7057 - 0.7057i 0.7071 - 0.7071i 0.7057 - 0.7057i 0.7015 - 0.7015i 0.6946 - 0.6946i 0.6849 - 0.6849i 0.6725 - 0.6725i 0.6946 + 0.6946i 0.7015 + 0.7015i 0.7057 + 0.7057i 0.7071 + 0.7071i 0.7057 + 0.7057i 0.7015 + 0.7015i 0.6946 + 0.6946i 0.6849 + 0.6849i 0.6725 + 0.6725i -0.6946 + 0.6946i -0.7015 + 0.7015i -0.7057 + 0.7057i -0.7071 + 0.7071i -0.7057 + 0.7057i -0.7015 + 0.7015i -0.6946 + 0.6946i -0.6849 + 0.6849i -0.6725 + 0.6725i -0.6946 - 0.6946i -0.7015 - 0.7015i -0.7057 - 0.7057i -0.7071 - 0.7071i -0.7057 - 0.7057i -0.7015 - 0.7015i -0.6946 - 0.6946i -0.6849 - 0.6849i -0.6725 - 0.6725i 0.6946 - 0.6946i 0.7015 - 0.7015i 0.7057 - 0.7057i 0.7071 - 0.7071i 0.7057 - 0.7057i 0.7015 - 0.7015i 0.6946 - 0.6946i 0.6849 - 0.6849i 0.6725 - 0.6725i 0.6946 + 0.6946i 0.7015 + 0.7015i 0.7057 + 0.7057i 0.7071 + 0.7071i 0.7057 + 0.7057i 0.7015 + 0.7015i 0.6946 + 0.6946i 0.6849 + 0.6849i 0.6725 + 0.6725i -0.6946 + 0.6946i -0.7015 + 0.7015i -0.7057 + 0.7057i -0.7071 + 0.7071i -0.7057 + 0.7057i -0.7015 + 0.7015i -0.6946 + 0.6946i -0.6849 + 0.6849i -0.6725 + 0.6725i Columns 82 through 90 -0.6575 - 0.6575i -0.6398 - 0.6398i -0.6196 - 0.6196i -0.5970 - 0.5970i -0.5721 - 0.5721i -0.5448 - 0.5448i -0.5155 - 0.5155i -0.4840 - 0.4840i -0.4507 - 0.4507i 0.6575 - 0.6575i 0.6398 - 0.6398i 0.6196 - 0.6196i 0.5970 - 0.5970i 0.5721 - 0.5721i 0.5448 - 0.5448i 0.5155 - 0.5155i 0.4840 - 0.4840i 0.4507 - 0.4507i 0.6575 + 0.6575i 0.6398 + 0.6398i 0.6196 + 0.6196i 0.5970 + 0.5970i 0.5721 + 0.5721i 0.5448 + 0.5448i 0.5155 + 0.5155i 0.4840 + 0.4840i 0.4507 + 0.4507i -0.6575 + 0.6575i -0.6398 + 0.6398i -0.6196 + 0.6196i -0.5970 + 0.5970i -0.5721 + 0.5721i -0.5448 + 0.5448i -0.5155 + 0.5155i -0.4840 + 0.4840i -0.4507 + 0.4507i -0.6575 - 0.6575i -0.6398 - 0.6398i -0.6196 - 0.6196i -0.5970 - 0.5970i -0.5721 - 0.5721i -0.5448 - 0.5448i -0.5155 - 0.5155i -0.4840 - 0.4840i -0.4507 - 0.4507i 0.6575 - 0.6575i 0.6398 - 0.6398i 0.6196 - 0.6196i 0.5970 - 0.5970i 0.5721 - 0.5721i 0.5448 - 0.5448i 0.5155 - 0.5155i 0.4840 - 0.4840i 0.4507 - 0.4507i 0.6575 + 0.6575i 0.6398 + 0.6398i 0.6196 + 0.6196i 0.5970 + 0.5970i 0.5721 + 0.5721i 0.5448 + 0.5448i 0.5155 + 0.5155i 0.4840 + 0.4840i 0.4507 + 0.4507i -0.6575 + 0.6575i -0.6398 + 0.6398i -0.6196 + 0.6196i -0.5970 + 0.5970i -0.5721 + 0.5721i -0.5448 + 0.5448i -0.5155 + 0.5155i -0.4840 + 0.4840i -0.4507 + 0.4507i Columns 91 through 99 -0.4156 - 0.4156i -0.3789 - 0.3789i -0.3407 - 0.3407i -0.3011 - 0.3011i -0.2603 - 0.2603i -0.2185 - 0.2185i -0.1759 - 0.1759i -0.1325 - 0.1325i -0.0886 - 0.0886i 0.4156 - 0.4156i 0.3789 - 0.3789i 0.3407 - 0.3407i 0.3011 - 0.3011i 0.2603 - 0.2603i 0.2185 - 0.2185i 0.1759 - 0.1759i 0.1325 - 0.1325i 0.0886 - 0.0886i 0.4156 + 0.4156i 0.3789 + 0.3789i 0.3407 + 0.3407i 0.3011 + 0.3011i 0.2603 + 0.2603i 0.2185 + 0.2185i 0.1759 + 0.1759i 0.1325 + 0.1325i 0.0886 + 0.0886i -0.4156 + 0.4156i -0.3789 + 0.3789i -0.3407 + 0.3407i -0.3011 + 0.3011i -0.2603 + 0.2603i -0.2185 + 0.2185i -0.1759 + 0.1759i -0.1325 + 0.1325i -0.0886 + 0.0886i -0.4156 - 0.4156i -0.3789 - 0.3789i -0.3407 - 0.3407i -0.3011 - 0.3011i -0.2603 - 0.2603i -0.2185 - 0.2185i -0.1759 - 0.1759i -0.1325 - 0.1325i -0.0886 - 0.0886i 0.4156 - 0.4156i 0.3789 - 0.3789i 0.3407 - 0.3407i 0.3011 - 0.3011i 0.2603 - 0.2603i 0.2185 - 0.2185i 0.1759 - 0.1759i 0.1325 - 0.1325i 0.0886 - 0.0886i 0.4156 + 0.4156i 0.3789 + 0.3789i 0.3407 + 0.3407i 0.3011 + 0.3011i 0.2603 + 0.2603i 0.2185 + 0.2185i 0.1759 + 0.1759i 0.1325 + 0.1325i 0.0886 + 0.0886i -0.4156 + 0.4156i -0.3789 + 0.3789i -0.3407 + 0.3407i -0.3011 + 0.3011i -0.2603 + 0.2603i -0.2185 + 0.2185i -0.1759 + 0.1759i -0.1325 + 0.1325i -0.0886 + 0.0886i Columns 100 through 101 -0.0444 - 0.0444i -0.0000 - 0.0000i 0.0444 - 0.0444i 0.0000 - 0.0000i 0.0444 + 0.0444i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -0.0444 + 0.0444i -0.0000 + 0.0000i -0.0444 - 0.0444i -0.0000 - 0.0000i 0.0444 - 0.0444i 0.0000 - 0.0000i 0.0444 + 0.0444i 0.0000 + 0.0000i -0.0444 + 0.0444i -0.0000 + 0.0000i
Each row of ‘tx_signalsrepresents the time-domain waveform that should be transmitted by one element of the array. These signals can be passed into RF front ends or used in simulation as-is.
Hope this helps.
For additional information, please consult the following official documentation from MATLAB:

Products

Community Treasure Hunt

Find the treasures in MATLAB Central and discover how the community can help you!

Start Hunting!