If you have a C/C++ library for beaglebone that will let you read/send data over I2C (that's what BNO055 uses), then you can either use legacy code tool to generate MEX-C file for simulation and code generation or alternatively an MATLAB Function block with coder.ceval() inside to call C/C++ functions from I2C library.
On Linux based MCU's, reading a hardware interface like I2C usually boils down to reading a specific file from the device memory, so you gonna use the linux basic file IO library and some code to parse data.
https://www.teachmemicro.com/beaglebone-black-i2c-tutorial/