Biquad Filter
Model biquadratic IIR (SOS) filters
Libraries:
DSP System Toolbox /
Filtering /
Filter Implementations
DSP System Toolbox HDL Support /
Filtering
Description
The Biquad Filter block independently filters each channel of the input signal with the specified biquadratic infinite impulse response (IIR) filter. When you specify the filter coefficients in the dialog box, the block implements static filters with fixed coefficients. When you provide the filter coefficients through an input port, you can tune the coefficients during simulation.
The Biquad Filter block supports the Simulink® state logging feature. See State (Simulink) for more information.
Note
Both the Biquad Filter and the Second-Order Section Filter blocks implement a cascade of second-order section filters in Simulink. However, they differ in a few aspects such as the filter tunability and support for fixed-point signals.
If the input signal is of single
or double
data type,
use the Second-Order Section Filter block because it has several advantages over
the Biquad Filter block. If the input signal is of built-in integer or
fixed-point arithmetic, use the Biquad Filter block. You can customize the
Biquad Filter block for fixed-point arithmetic operations.
For more information on key differences between the two blocks, see Difference Between Biquad Filter and Second-Order Section Filter Blocks.
Examples
Parametric Audio Equalizer
Model an algorithm specification for a three band parametric equalizer
Ports
Input
In — Data input
vector | matrix
Data input to the block, specified as a vector or a matrix. This block supports variable-size input signals, enabling you to change the input frame size (number of rows) during simulation. However, the number of channels (number of columns) must remain constant.
If the input is fixed-point, it must be signed fixed-point with binary point scaling.
This port is unnamed unless you set the Coefficient source to
Input port(s)
.
Data Types: single
| double
| int8
| int16
| int32
| int64
| fixed point
Complex Number Support: Yes
Num — Numerator coefficients
matrix
Numerator coefficients of the biquad filter, specified as a 3-by-N matrix, where N is the number of biquad filter sections.
If Num is fixed-point, it must be signed fixed-point with binary point scaling.
Dependencies
This port appears only when you set the Coefficient source to
Input port(s)
.
Data Types: single
| double
| int8
| int16
| int32
| int64
| fixed point
Den — Denominator coefficients
matrix
Denominator coefficients of the biquad filter, specified as a 2-by-N matrix, where N is the number of biquad filter sections.
If Den is fixed-point, it must be signed fixed-point with binary point scaling.
Dependencies
This port appears only when you set the Coefficient source to
Input port(s)
.
Data Types: single
| double
| int8
| int16
| int32
| int64
| fixed point
g — Scale values
row vector
Scale values of the biquad filter, specified as a 1-by-(N+1) vector, where N is the number of biquad filter sections.
If g is fixed-point, it must be signed fixed-point with binary point scaling.
Dependencies
This port appears only when you set the Coefficient source to
Input port(s)
.
Data Types: single
| double
| int8
| int16
| int32
| int64
| fixed point
Output
Out — Filtered output
vector | matrix
Filtered output, returned as a vector or a matrix.
The output dimensions always equal the dimensions of the input signal.
If Out is fixed-point, it must be signed fixed-point with binary point scaling.
This port is unnamed unless you set the Coefficient source to
Input port(s)
.
Data Types: single
| double
| int8
| int16
| int32
| int64
| fixed point
Complex Number Support: Yes
Parameters
Main Tab
Coefficient source — Mode of operation
Dialog parameters
(default) | Input port(s)
| Filter object
The Biquad Filter block can operate in three different modes:
Dialog parameters
— Enter information about the filter, such as structure and coefficients, in the block mask.Input port(s)
— Enter information about the filter structure in the block mask using the Filter structure parameter. The filter coefficients come into the block through additional input ports that appear on the block icon:Num
— Specify numerator coefficients.Den
— Specify denominator coefficients.g
— Specify scale values.
The block assumes the first denominator coefficient of each section to be 1. This configuration applies when Coefficient source is set to
Input port(s)
and Scale values mode is set toSpecify via input port (g)
.Filter object
— Specify the filter using adsp.BiquadFilter
System object™.
Filter — Name of filter object
BQF
(default) | dsp.BiquadFilter
System object
name
dsp.BiquadFilter
System objectSpecify the name of the discrete-time filter that you want the block to implement. You
must specify the filter as a dsp.BiquadFilter
System object.
You can define the System object in the block mask or in a MATLAB® workspace variable.
For information on creating System objects, see Define Basic System Objects.
Dependencies
This parameter is visible only when Coefficient source is set to
Filter object
.
Filter structure — Filter structure
Direct form II transposed
(default) | Direct form I
| Direct form I transposed
| Direct form II
Specify the filter structure.
Dependencies
This parameter is visible only when Coefficient source is set to
Dialog parameters
or Input
port(s)
.
SOS Matrix (Mx6) — SOS matrix
[1 0.3 0.4 1 0.1 0.2]
(default) | M-by-6 matrix
Specify an M-by-6 matrix, where M is the number of sections in the second-order section filter. Each row of the SOS matrix contains the numerator and denominator coefficients (bik and aik) of the corresponding section in the filter.
The leading denominator coefficients [a01 a02 ... a0N] are treated as 1s, regardless of their actual values. No scaling is applied to the SOS matrix when a0 is not 1.
The ss2sos
and tf2sos
functions convert a state-space or transfer function description of your
filter into the second-order section description used by this block.
Dependencies
This parameter is visible only when Coefficient source is set to
Dialog parameters
.
Scale values — Scale values
1
(default) | scalar | vector
Specify scale values to be used between SOS sections. You can specify a real-valued scalar or a vector of length M+1:
When you enter a scalar, the value specifies the gain value before the first section of the second-order filter. The rest of the gain values default to 1.
When you enter a vector of M+1 values, each value specifies a separate section of the filter. For example, the first element is the first gain value, the second element is the second gain value, and so on.
Select the Optimize unity scale values check box to optimize your simulation when one or more scale values equal 1. Selecting this option removes the unity gains so that the values are treated like Simulink lines or wires. In some fixed-point cases when there are unity scale values, selecting this parameter also omits certain casts. Refer to the Fixed-Point Data Types section for more information.
Dependencies
This parameter is visible only when Coefficient source is set to
Dialog parameters
.
Initial conditions — Initial conditions
0
(default) | scalar | vector
Specify the initial conditions of the filter states when Filter
structure is set to Direct form II
or
Direct form II transposed
.
Direct form II
Direct form II transposed
The Biquad Filter block initializes the internal filter states to zero by default. To specify nonzero initial states for the filter delays, use the Initial conditions parameter.
To determine the number of initial conditions you must specify and how to specify them, see the following table on valid initial conditions.
Valid Initial Conditions
Initial Condition | Description |
---|---|
Scalar | The block initializes all delay elements in the filter to the scalar value. |
Vector or matrix | Each vector or matrix element specifies a unique initial condition for a corresponding delay element in a corresponding channel. M is the number of sections, and N is the number of input channels:
|
Dependencies
This parameter is only visible when Coefficient source is set to
Dialog parameters
or Input port(s)
and the Filter structure is set to Direct form
II
or Direct form II transposed
.
Initial conditions on zeros side — Initial conditions on zeros side
0
(default) | scalar | vector
Specify the initial conditions for the filter states on the side of the filter structure
with the zeros (b0,
b1, b2,
…). This parameter applies only when Filter structure is set to
Direct form I
or Direct form I
transposed
.
Direct form I
Direct form I transposed
The Biquad Filter block initializes the internal filter states to zero by default. To specify nonzero initial states for the filter delays, use the Initial conditions on zeros side parameter.
To determine the number of initial conditions you must specify and how to specify them, see the following table on valid initial conditions.
Valid Initial Conditions
Initial Condition | Description |
---|---|
Scalar | The block initializes all delay elements in the filter to the scalar value. |
Vector or matrix | Each vector or matrix element specifies a unique initial condition for a corresponding delay element in a corresponding channel. Where M is the number of sections and N is the number of input channels:
|
Dependencies
This parameter is visible only when Coefficient source is set to
Dialog parameters
or Input port(s)
and the Filter structure is set to Direct form
I
or Direct form I transposed
.
Initial conditions on poles side — Initial conditions on poles side
0
(default) | scalar | vector
Specify the initial conditions for the filter states on the side of the filter structure
with the poles (a1,
a2, ...). This parameter applies only when
Filter structure is set to Direct form I
or
Direct form I transposed
.
Direct form I
Direct form I transposed
The Biquad Filter block initializes the internal filter states to zero by default. To specify nonzero initial states for the filter delays, use the Initial conditions on poles side parameter.
To determine the number of initial conditions you must specify and how to specify them, see the following table on valid initial conditions.
Valid Initial Conditions
Initial Condition | Description |
---|---|
Scalar | The block initializes all delay elements in the filter to the scalar value. |
Vector or matrix | Each vector or matrix element specifies a unique initial condition for a corresponding delay element in a corresponding channel. Where M is the number of sections and N is the number of input channels:
|
Dependencies
This parameter is visible only when Coefficient source is set to
Dialog parameters
or Input port(s)
and the Filter structure is set to Direct form
I
or Direct form I transposed
.
Scale values mode — Mode to specify scale values
Specify via input port (g)
(default) | Assume all are unity and optimize
Choose how to specify the scale values to use between filter sections. When you select
Specify via input port (g)
, you enter the scale values as a 2-D
vector at port g. When you select Assume all are unity and
optimize
, all scale values are removed and treated like Simulink lines or
wires.
Dependencies
This parameter is visible only when Coefficient source is set to
Input port(s)
.
Action when the a0 values of the SOS matrix are not one — Action when a0 values of SOS matrix are not one
Warning
(default) | None
| Error
Specify the action the block should perform when the SOS matrix
a0j values do not equal one. The action can be
Warning
, Error
, or
None
.
When you choose None
, the leading coefficients
a0j are treated as 1's, regardless of their
actual values. No scaling is applied on the SOS matrix when a0 is not
1.
Dependencies
This parameter is visible only when Coefficient source is set to
Dialog parameters
.
Optimize unity scale values — Optimize unity scale values
on
(default) | off
Select this check box to optimize your simulation when one or more scale values equal 1. Selecting this option removes the unity gains so that the values are treated like Simulink lines or wires. In some fixed-point cases when there are unity scale values, selecting this parameter also omits certain casts. See the Fixed-Point Data Types section for more information.
Dependencies
This parameter is visible only when Coefficient source is set to
Dialog parameters
.
Input processing — Input processing
Columns as channels (frame based)
(default) | Elements as channels (sample based)
Specify how the block should process the input. If the input is an M-by-N matrix, you can set this parameter to:
Columns as channels (frame based)
(default) — The block treats each column as a separate channel. In this mode, the block creates M instances of the same filter, each with its own independent state buffer. Each of the M filters process N input samples at every Simulink time step.Elements as channels (sample based)
— The block treats each element as a separate channel. In this mode, the block creates MN instances of the same filter, each with its own independent state buffer. Each filter processes one input sample at every Simulink time step.
View Filter Response — View filter response
button
This button opens the Filter Visualization Tool (FVTool) and displays the filter response of the filter specified in the dialog.
Note
When you make changes to the filter parameters on the block dialog, you must click the Apply button before using the View Filter Response button.
Data Types Tab
Note
This tab appears only when you set Coefficient source to either
Dialog parameters
or Input port(s)
. When
the Coefficient source is set to Filter object
,
the data types specified in the filter object properties are used by the block.
Rounding mode — Rounding mode
Floor
(default) | Ceiling
| Convergent
| Nearest
| Round
| Simplest
| Zero
Specify the rounding mode for fixed-point operations.
For more details, see rounding mode. The filter
coefficients do not obey this parameter; instead, they always round to
Nearest
.
Saturate on integer overflow — Method of overflow action
off
(default) | on
When you select this parameter, the block saturates the result of its fixed-point
operation. When you clear this parameter, the block wraps the result of its fixed-point
operation. For details on saturate
and wrap
, see overflow mode for fixed-point operations.
The filter coefficients are always saturated and do not obey this parameter.
Section input — Section input data type
Same as input
(default) | Binary point scaling
Choose how you specify the word and fraction lengths of the fixed-point data type going into each section of a biquadratic filter. See the Fixed-Point Data Types section for illustrations depicting the use of the section input data type in this block. When you select:
Same as input
— Word length and fraction length characteristics of the Section input data type match those of the input to the block.Binary point scaling
— Enter the word and fraction lengths of the section input, in bits.
Section output — Section output data type
Same as section input
(default) | Binary point scaling
Choose how you specify the word and fraction lengths of the fixed-point data type coming out of each section of a biquadratic filter. See the Fixed-Point Data Types section for illustrations depicting the use of the section output data type in this block. When you select:
Same as section input
— Word length and fraction length characteristics of the Section output data type match with those of the input to the block.Binary point scaling
— Enter the word and fraction lengths of the section output, in bits.
Multiplicand — Multiplicand data type
Same as output
(default) | Binary point scaling
Choose how you specify the word and fraction lengths of the multiplicand data type of a
Direct form I transposed
filter structure. See the Fixed-Point Data Types section for illustrations
depicting the use of the multiplicand data type in this block.
When you select:
Same as output
— Word length and fraction length characteristics of the Multiplicand data type match with those of the output of the block.Binary point scaling
— Enter the word length and the fraction length of the multiplicand, in bits.
Dependencies
This parameter is visible only when the Filter structure parameter
is set to Direct form I transposed
.
Coefficients — Coefficients data type
Same word length as input
(default) | Specify word length
| Binary point scaling
Choose how you specify the word and fraction lengths of the filter coefficients
(numerator, denominator, and scale value) when Coefficient source is set
to Dialog parameters
. See the Fixed-Point Data Types section for illustrations
depicting the use of the coefficient data types in this block. When you select:
Same word length as input
— Word length of the filter coefficients matches that of the input to the block. In this mode, the block automatically sets the fraction length of the coefficients to the binary point-only scaling that provides the best precision possible given the value and word length of the coefficients.Specify word length
— Enter the word length of the coefficients, in bits. In this mode, the block automatically sets the fraction length of the coefficients to the binary point-only scaling that provides the best precision possible given the value and word length of the coefficients.Binary point scaling
— Enter the word length and the fraction length of the coefficients, in bits. If applicable, enter separate fraction lengths for the numerator and denominator coefficients.
The filter coefficients do not obey the Rounding mode and the
Overflow mode parameters; instead, they are always saturated and
rounded to Nearest
.
Dependencies
This parameter is visible only when Coefficient source is set to
Dialog parameters
.
Product output — Product output data type
Same as input
(default) | Inherit via internal rule
| Binary point scaling
Specify how to designate the product output word and fraction lengths. See Multiplication Data Types and the Fixed-Point Data Types section for illustrations depicting the use of the product output data type in this block. When you select:
Same as input
— Product output word length and fraction length characteristics match those of the input to the block.Inherit via internal rule
— Product output word length and fraction lengths are computed based on full-precision rules. These rules prevent quantization from occurring within the block. Bits are added, as needed, so that no roundoff or overflow occurs. For more details, see Inherit via Internal Rule.Binary point scaling
— Enter the word length and the fraction length of the product output, in bits. If applicable, enter separate fraction lengths for the numerator and denominator product output data type.
Accumulator — Accumulator data type
Same as product output
(default) | Same as input
| Binary point scaling
Specify how to designate the accumulator word and fraction lengths. See Multiplication Data Types and the Fixed-Point Data Types section for illustrations depicting the use of the accumulator data type in this block. When you select:
Same as input
— Accumulator word and fraction length characteristics match those of the input to the block.Same as product output
— Accumulator word and fraction length characteristics match those of the product output.Binary point scaling
— Enter the word length and the fraction length of the accumulator, in bits. If applicable, enter separate fraction lengths for the numerator and denominator accumulator data type.
States — States data type
Same as accumulator
(default) | Same as input
| Binary point scaling
Specify how to designate the state word and fraction lengths when Coefficient
source is set to Dialog parameters
. See the Fixed-Point Data Types section for illustrations
depicting the use of the state data type in this block.
When you select:
Same as input
— State word and fraction length characteristics match those of the input to the block.Same as accumulator
— State word and fraction length characteristics match those of the accumulator.Binary point scaling
— Enter the word length and the fraction length of the state, in bits. If applicable, enter separate fraction lengths for the numerator and denominator state data type.
Dependencies
This parameter is visible only when Filter structure is set to
Direct form II
or Direct form II
transposed
.
Output — Output data type
Same as accumulator
(default) | Same as input
| Binary point scaling
Choose how you specify the output word length and fraction length. See the Fixed-Point Data Types section for illustrations depicting the use of the output data type in this block. When you select:
Same as input
— Output word and fraction length characteristics match those of the input to the block.Same as accumulator
— Output word and fraction length characteristics match those of the accumulator.Binary point scaling
— Enter the word length and the fraction length of the output, in bits.
Lock data type settings against changes by the fixed-point tools — Lock data type settings
off
(default) | on
Select this parameter to prevent the fixed-point tools from overriding the data types you specify on the block mask.
Block Characteristics
Data Types |
|
Direct Feedthrough |
|
Multidimensional Signals |
|
Variable-Size Signals |
|
Zero-Crossing Detection |
|
More About
Fixed-Point Data Types
The diagrams in these sections show the filter structures supported by the Biquad Filter block. They also show the data types used in the filter structures for fixed-point signals. You can set the data types shown in these diagrams in the block dialog box.
The following diagram shows the data types for one section of the filter for fixed-point signals.
The following diagrams show the fixed-point data types between filter sections.
When the data is not optimized:
When you select Optimize unity scale values and scale values equal 1:
The following diagram shows the data types for one section of the filter for fixed-point signals.
The dashed casts are omitted when Optimize unity scale values is selected and scale values equal one.
The following diagrams show the fixed-point data types between filter sections.
When the data is not optimized:
When you select Optimize unity scale values and scale values equal 1:
The following diagram shows the data types for one section of the filter for fixed-point signals.
The dashed casts are omitted when Optimize unity scale values is selected and scale values equal one.
The following diagrams show the fixed-point data types between filter sections.
When the data is not optimized:
When you select Optimize unity scale values and scale values equal 1:
The following diagram shows the data types for one section of the filter for fixed-point signals.
The following diagrams show the fixed-point data types between filter sections.
When the data is not optimized:
When you select Optimize unity scale values and scale values equal 1:
Difference Between Biquad Filter and Second-Order Section Filter Blocks
The Biquad Filter and the Second-Order Section Filter blocks implement a cascade of second-order section filters in Simulink. However, they differ in a few aspects such as the filter tunability and support for fixed-point signals.
If the input signal is of single
or double
data type,
use the Second-Order Section Filter block because it has several advantages over
the Biquad Filter block. If the input signal is of built-in integer or
fixed-point arithmetic, use the Biquad Filter block. You can customize the
Biquad Filter block for fixed-point arithmetic operations.
Here is a table that lists the key differences between the two blocks.
Second-Order Section Filter Block | Biquad Filter Block | |
---|---|---|
Support for built-in integer and fixed-point data types | ⨉ | ✓ |
Specify initial conditions of filter states | ⨉ | ✓ |
Ability to change coefficient values during simulation | ✓ | ⨉ |
Specify numerator and denominator coefficients separately in the block dialog box | ✓ | ⨉ You must specify the filter coefficients as SOS matrices. |
Compatibility with the filter design source blocks and the Filter Visualizer block. Filter design source blocks include Lowpass IIR Filter Design, Highpass IIR Filter Design, Bandpass IIR Filter Design, and Bandstop IIR Filter Design. | ✓ You can directly pass the coefficients from the filter design source blocks to the Second-Order Section Filter block and the Filter Visualizer block without modifying the coefficients in any way. For an example, see Filter Noisy Signal Using Second-Order Section (SOS) Bandpass Filter in Simulink. | ⨉ You must reformat the coefficients from the filter design source blocks to a 3-by-N numerator matrix and a 2-by-N denominator matrix before passing them to the Biquad Filter block. |
Extended Capabilities
C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.
HDL Code Generation
Generate VHDL, Verilog and SystemVerilog code for FPGA and ASIC designs using HDL Coder™.
HDL Coder™ provides additional configuration options that affect HDL implementation and synthesized logic.
The block has HDLDataPath
as a default architecture. This
architecture provides additional configuration options that affect HDL implementation and
synthesized logic.
HDL Block Properties | Description |
---|---|
InputPipeline | Number of input pipeline stages to insert in the generated code. Distributed
pipelining and constrained output pipelining can move these registers. The default is
|
OutputPipeline | Number of output pipeline stages to insert in the generated code. Distributed
pipelining and constrained output pipelining can move these registers. The default is
|
ConstrainedOutputPipeline | Number of registers to place at the outputs by moving existing delays within
your design. Distributed pipelining does not redistribute these registers. The default is
|
FlattenFilter | Remove hierarchy of Filter subsystem from generated HDL code. The default is
|
DSPStyle | Synthesis attributes for multiplier mapping. The default is
|
SharingFactor | Number of functionally equivalent resources to map to a single shared resource. The default is 0. See also Resource Sharing (HDL Coder). |
StreamingFactor | Number of parallel data paths, or vectors, that are time multiplexed to transform into serial, scalar data paths. The default is 0, which implements fully parallel data paths. See also Streaming (HDL Coder). |
ConstMultiplierOptimization | Canonical signed digit (CSD) or factored CSD optimization. The default is
|
MultiplerArchitecture | Select the multipler architecture as linear or
shiftadd . The default is linear .
For more information, see HDL Code Generation section in Product, Matrix Multiply (Simulink). |
MultiplierInputPipeline | Specify the number of pipeline stages to add at filter multiplier inputs. See also MultiplierInputPipeline (HDL Coder). |
MultiplierOutputPipeline | Specify the number of pipeline stages to add at filter multiplier outputs. See also MultiplierOutputPipeline (HDL Coder). |
SectionOutputPipeline | Specify the number of pipeline stages to add for section outputs. The default is
0 . |
AdderOutputPipeline | Number of output pipeline stages to insert in the generated code for addition
operation. The default is |
The block supports these data types for HDL code generation:
Input Port | Dimension | Fixed-Point | Floating-Point | Built-in Integers | Bus | Boolean | Enumerated | Complex Signal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In | Scalar Vector Matrix | Yes | Half Single Double | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
These block parameter configurations are incompatible with HDL code generation.
Block Parameter | Limitations |
---|---|
Input processing | Parameter value Columns as channels (frame based) is not
supported. |
The block participates in these HDL optimizations to optimize the speed, and area.
Area Optimization
Optimization | Description |
---|---|
Resource Sharing (HDL Coder) | Resource sharing is an area optimization in which HDL Coder identifies multiple functionally equivalent resources and replaces them with a single resource. |
Streaming (HDL Coder) | Streaming is an area optimization in which HDL Coder transforms a vector data path to a scalar data path (or to several smaller-sized vector data paths). |
Speed Optimization
Optimization | Description |
---|---|
Distributed Pipelining (HDL Coder) | Distributed pipelining, or register retiming, is a speed optimization that moves existing delays in a design to reduce the critical path while preserving functional behavior. |
Clock-Rate Pipelining (HDL Coder) | Clock-rate pipelining is an optimization framework in HDL Coder that allows other speed and area optimizations to introduce latency at the clock rate. |
Adaptive Pipelining (HDL Coder) | Adaptive pipelining optimization creates patterns or combination of blocks with registers that can improve the achievable clock frequency and reduce the area usage on the FPGA boards by inserting pipeline registers to the blocks in your design. |
Critical Path Estimation (HDL Coder) | To quickly identify the most likely critical path in your design, use Critical Path Estimation. Critical path estimation speeds up the iterative process of finding the critical path. To know blocks that are characterized in critical path estimation, see Characterized Blocks (HDL Coder). |
The block has these limitations:
Frame input is not supported for HDL code generation. For frame-based input, use the Biquad Filter (DSP HDL Toolbox) block.
You must set Initial conditions to
0
. HDL code generation is not supported for nonzero initial states.You must select Optimize unity scale values.
To configure the Biquad Filter block as a programmable filter or a multichannel filter, use the following block settings:
Filter Case | Considerations |
---|---|
Programmable Filter | HDL Coder supports programmable filters for Biquad Filter blocks.
|
Multichannel Filter | HDL Coder supports the use of vector inputs to Biquad Filter blocks.
|
Note
For an HDL-optimized biquad filter architecture with hardware-friendly control signals, use the Biquad Filter (DSP HDL Toolbox) block. The DSP HDL Toolbox™ block simulates the latency of the HDL algorithm in Simulink. The DSP HDL Toolbox block generates a direct form II or direct form II transposed pipelined add-multiply operation that fits into the DSP block on an FPGA. It provides an optional pipelined feedback architecture that uses more multipliers but reduces the critical path and achieves higher clock rates. The DSP HDL Toolbox block does not support programmable coefficients. To perform multichannel filtering, put the DSP HDL Toolbox Biquad Filter block into a For Each subsystem.
Fixed-Point Conversion
Design and simulate fixed-point systems using Fixed-Point Designer™.
Version History
Introduced in R2008b
See Also
Blocks
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