num2vpi - Converts input exactly into vpi

Converts double inputs larger than 2^53-1, or char inputs with exponents, exactly into vpi.

num2vpi converts numeric and char string integral inputs exactly into Variable Precision Integers (vpi).

Syntax:

B = num2vpi(A)

A = a logical or numeric class variable (real), or
= a char array, each row giving a single integer value (real)
B = a vpi class variable

Description:

num2vpi converts A into a vpi class variable using the exact bit representation of the A elements. For single and double floating point inputs, num2vpi uses the FEX submission num2strexact to do the basic conversion. For uint64 and int64, num2vpi does the conversion in two uint32 pieces since vpi handles uint32 inputs but not uint64 or int64 inputs. The int64 conversion uses the typecast function. For logical inputs, num2vpi does a simple conversion to uint8 first, since vpi handles uint8 inputs but not logical inputs. For char inputs, each row is interpreted as a single number. Decimal points and exponents are allowed as long as the result is an integer. For all other input types, the input is simply passed on through to vpi to do the conversion.

num2vpi requires the following submissions from the FEX:

num2strexact:
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/22239-num2strexact-exact-version-of-num2str

vpi:
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/22725-variable-precision-integer-arithmetic

For older versions of MATLAB, you will also need this submission:

typecast:
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/17476-typecast-c-mex-function

Examples:

>> num2vpi(1e30)
ans =
1000000000000000019884624838656

>> num2vpi('1e30')
ans =
1000000000000000000000000000000

>> num2vpi(1e100)
ans =
100000000000000001590289110975991804683608085639452813897813275577478
38772170381060813469985856815104

>> num2vpi('1e100')
ans =
100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000

>> num2vpi(['1.234e5';...
'2000e-3';...
'4.57e10'])
ans =
123400
2
45700000000

>> num2vpi(uint64(realmax))
ans =
18446744073709551615

The main point to gather from the examples is that for a double or single input, num2vpi uses the utility function num2strexact to get the exact floating point bit pattern of the number and turn that into an integer string. The resulting integer is whatever the exact bit pattern converts into using exact power of 2 conversions. The char string input, on the other hand, simply takes the base number and adds or removes 0's based on the value of the exponent to get the integer string.

The convention for missing digits is that they are 0. For example, the following are all equivalent:

num2vpi('e')
num2vpi('0e')
num2vpi('e0')
num2vpi('0e0')