Create, Edit, and Manage Workspace Variables

To share information such as parameter values and signal data types between separate blocks and models, you use workspace variables. For example, you can create a numeric MATLAB^® variable in the base workspace and use the variable to set the value of the Gain parameter in multiple Gain blocks simultaneously (see Share and Reuse Block Parameter Values by Creating Variables). You can create a Simulink.Bus object to explicitly define the structure of a bus.

You can store workspace variables in the base workspace, model workspaces, MAT files, or data dictionaries. To decide where to store variables, see Determine Where to Store Variables and Objects for Simulink Models.

Tools for Managing Variables

Use one or more of these techniques to create, modify, store, evaluate, and migrate workspace variables:

To share block parameter values and create Simulink.Parameter and Simulink.Signal objects (for example, in preparation for code generation), you can use the Model Data Editor. You can interact with all of the block parameters, signal lines, and block states in a model at once. You can also inspect tunable block parameters in a list that you can search, sort, and filter.
- To create a variable, in the data table, begin editing the cell that corresponds to a block parameter value (in the Value column) or a signal or state name (in the Name column). Enter the name of the variable you want to create and click the action button in the right side of the cell.
  If a block parameter value is already set to a simple numeric expression, you can create a variable for that expression. Click in the right side of the cell that corresponds to the value, then select Create variable. In the Create New Data dialog box, set the name and location for the new variable, then click Create. The cell now displays the new variable.
- To modify variables by using the columns in the data table, click the Show/refresh additional information button. Then, the data table contains rows that correspond to the variables and objects that the model uses.
- To interact with one variable at a time (for example, to inspect all of the variable properties at once), open the Property Inspector (on the Modeling tab, under Design, click Property Inspector) and select the relevant row in the data table. The Property Inspector shows the properties of the selected variable.
For more information, see Model Data Editor.
To interact with a small number of parameters, signals, or states at a time, use individual block parameter dialog boxes or the Property Inspector to create variables for sharing block parameter values and create and configure parameter and signal objects for code generation.
In the dialog box or the Property Inspector, click the action button next to the value of a block parameter, signal name, or state name.
To create and edit any type or class of variable or object, move variables between workspaces, and inspect all of the variables in a workspace at once, use the Model Explorer. You can also rename variables and precisely analyze the way that an entire model or an individual block uses variables. See Model Explorer and Edit and Manage Workspace Variables by Using Model Explorer.
To check the value of a parameter that you set as a variable or variable expression during simulation, open the Block Parameters dialog box or the Property Inspector. The text box where you enter the parameter value displays the variable or expression on the left and the value on the right. The displayed value is the value of the variable or expression in the simulation at the time step when you open the Block Parameters dialog box or the Property Inspector. For more information, see View Values of Parameters Set as Variables.

Edit Variable Value or Property from Block Parameter

This example shows how to change the value of a Gain parameter (Gain block) whose value is set by a numeric variable. Modify the variable, not the block parameter.

Open the model f14. The model loads variables into the base workspace.
In the model, open the Property Inspector. On the Modeling tab, under Design, click Property Inspector.
In the model, select the Gain block that uses the variable Mw.
In the Property Inspector, click the button next to the value of the Gain parameter. Select Open.
In the Data properties dialog box, type a new value for the variable in the Value box and click OK.

Modify Structure and Array Variables Interactively

To inspect and modify a variable whose value is a structure or array, you can launch the Variable Editor by clicking the nearby button . Choose one of these techniques:

In the Model Explorer, select the variable in the Contents pane. In the Dialog pane (the right pane), the button appears.
In the Model Data Editor (on the Modeling tab, click Model Data Editor), on the Parameters tab, click the Show/refresh additional information button. In the data table, find the row that corresponds to the variable and, in the Value column, begin editing the value of the variable. The button appears in the right side of the cell.
In a block dialog box or the Property Inspector, the button appears next to the value of a block parameter that uses the variable. Click the button and use the menu options to open the property dialog box for the variable. Then, in the property dialog box, click the button again to launch the Variable Editor. You can use this technique only for parameter objects such as Simulink.Parameter.

Ramifications of Modifying or Deleting a Variable

When you modify or delete a variable, the change can impact multiple blocks and models that use the variable. To assess the impact by determining where the variable is used, use the Model Explorer (see Analyze Variable Usage in a Model). However, you can analyze variable usage only for models that are open at the time of the analysis. Before you perform the analysis, open any models that you suspect use the variable.

Models and blocks use variables through name resolution (see Symbol Resolution). When you change the name of a variable without making corresponding changes to dependent blocks and models, the blocks and models generate errors. Instead, to rename a variable in the context of one or more models, see Rename a Variable Throughout a Model.

When a block or model cannot access a variable that it needs, it generates an error in the Diagnostic Viewer. In some cases, you can use buttons in the Diagnostic Viewer to fix the error (for example, by restoring a deleted variable). To increase the likelihood that you can use the Diagnostic Viewer to recover from the absence of a variable, use these techniques:

Store variables in a data dictionary instead of the base workspace. With a data dictionary, you gain additional options for recovery. For information about data dictionaries, see What Is a Data Dictionary?

For every model, keep the corresponding Simulink^® cache file available. For example, when you share the model with someone else, share the cache file, too. When you fetch the latest model design files from a source control system, fetch the cache file from the continuous integration system or latest build folder. The cache file preserves information that Simulink Coder™ can use to help you recover from the absence of a variable. For more information about Simulink cache files, see Share Simulink Cache Files for Faster Simulation.

Analyze Variable Usage in a Model

To analyze the ways in which a model uses variables, use the Model Explorer. You can:

Determine where a variable is used in a model.
Determine whether a model uses a variable.
Determine which variables in a workspace are not used by a model.

For more information, see Edit and Manage Workspace Variables by Using Model Explorer.

Rename a Variable Throughout a Model

This example shows how to rename a variable in the Model Data Editor.

Open the model f14. The model loads variables into the base workspace.
In the model, on the Modeling tab, click Model Data Editor. In the Model Data Editor, inspect the Parameters tab.
In the model, click the Gain block labeled Mw.
In the Model Data Editor, the Value column shows that the block uses the variable Mw. Suppose you want to rename this variable.
In the Model Data Editor, click the Show/refresh additional information button.
Now, the data table contains rows that correspond to workspace variables that the model uses.
Activate the Change scope button.
Now, the data table shows information about data items in subsystems.
In the Filter contents box, enter Mw.
The data table shows rows that correspond to the variable and to blocks that use the variable.
In the row that represents Mw, right-click and select Rename All.
In the Select a system dialog box, click the name of the model f14 to select it as the context for renaming the variable Mw. The Update diagram to include recent changes check box is cleared by default to save time by avoiding unnecessary model diagram updates. Select the check box to incorporate recent changes you made to the model by forcing a diagram update.
In the Rename All dialog box, type the new name for the variable in the New name box and click OK.
Click Show/refresh additional information again. Because the renaming operation changed the name of the variable and the values of some block parameters, for more accurate information in the Model Data Editor, you must click Show/refresh additional information.

Note

You can rename only variables that the function Simulink.findVars supports.
The renaming operation changes the name in the current model and in all referenced models.

Interact with Variables Programmatically

At the command prompt, you can create and modify variables in the base workspace by entering commands such as myVar = 15;. To programmatically create, modify, and store variables in a different workspace, such as a model workspace or data dictionary, you can use the Simulink.data.connect function to create a connection to your data source, then use the common set of functions provided by the Simulink.data.DataConnection object. For data source-specific tasks, the table shows the interfaces and techniques that you can use to programmatically manage variables.

Target Workspace	Technique or Interface
Base workspace	Enter commands at the command prompt.
Model workspace	See `Simulink.ModelWorkspace`.
Data dictionary	See Store Data in Dictionary Programmatically.

To programmatically list the variables that a model uses or does not use, see Simulink.findVars.

To programmatically access variables for the purpose of sweeping block parameter values, consider using Simulink.SimulationInput objects instead of modifying the variables through the programmatic workspace interfaces. See Optimize, Estimate, and Sweep Block Parameter Values.