# disp

Display generalized linear mixed-effects model

## Syntax

``disp(glme)``

## Description

example

````disp(glme)` displays fitted generalized linear mixed-effects model `glme`.```

## Input Arguments

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Generalized linear mixed-effects model, specified as a `GeneralizedLinearMixedModel` object. For properties and methods of this object, see `GeneralizedLinearMixedModel`.

## Examples

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`load mfr`

This simulated data is from a manufacturing company that operates 50 factories across the world, with each factory running a batch process to create a finished product. The company wants to decrease the number of defects in each batch, so it developed a new manufacturing process. To test the effectiveness of the new process, the company selected 20 of its factories at random to participate in an experiment: Ten factories implemented the new process, while the other ten continued to run the old process. In each of the 20 factories, the company ran five batches (for a total of 100 batches) and recorded the following data:

• Flag to indicate whether the batch used the new process (`newprocess`)

• Processing time for each batch, in hours (`time`)

• Temperature of the batch, in degrees Celsius (`temp`)

• Categorical variable indicating the supplier of the chemical used in the batch (`supplier`)

• Number of defects in the batch (`defects`)

The data also includes `time_dev` and `temp_dev`, which represent the absolute deviation of time and temperature, respectively, from the process standard of 3 hours at 20 degrees Celsius.

Fit a generalized linear mixed-effects model using `newprocess`, `time_dev`, `temp_dev`, and `supplier` as fixed-effects predictors. Include a random-effects term for intercept grouped by `factory`, to account for quality differences that might exist due to factory-specific variations. The response variable `defects` has a Poisson distribution, and the appropriate link function for this model is log. Use the Laplace fit method to estimate the coefficients. Specify the dummy variable encoding as `'effects'`, so the dummy variable coefficients sum to 0.

The number of defects can be modeled using a Poisson distribution

`${\text{defects}}_{ij}\sim \text{Poisson}\left({\mu }_{ij}\right)$`

This corresponds to the generalized linear mixed-effects model

`$\mathrm{log}\left({\mu }_{ij}\right)={\beta }_{0}+{\beta }_{1}{\text{newprocess}}_{ij}+{\beta }_{2}{\text{time}\text{_}\text{dev}}_{ij}+{\beta }_{3}{\text{temp}\text{_}\text{dev}}_{ij}+{\beta }_{4}{\text{supplier}\text{_}\text{C}}_{ij}+{\beta }_{5}{\text{supplier}\text{_}\text{B}}_{ij}+{b}_{i},$`

where

• ${\text{defects}}_{ij}$ is the number of defects observed in the batch produced by factory $i$ during batch $j$.

• ${\mu }_{ij}$ is the mean number of defects corresponding to factory $i$ (where $i=1,2,...,20$) during batch $j$ (where $j=1,2,...,5$).

• ${\text{newprocess}}_{ij}$, ${\text{time}\text{_}\text{dev}}_{ij}$, and ${\text{temp}\text{_}\text{dev}}_{ij}$ are the measurements for each variable that correspond to factory $i$ during batch $j$. For example, ${\text{newprocess}}_{ij}$ indicates whether the batch produced by factory $i$ during batch $j$ used the new process.

• ${\text{supplier}\text{_}\text{C}}_{ij}$ and ${\text{supplier}\text{_}\text{B}}_{ij}$ are dummy variables that use effects (sum-to-zero) coding to indicate whether company `C` or `B`, respectively, supplied the process chemicals for the batch produced by factory $i$ during batch $j$.

• ${b}_{i}\sim N\left(0,{\sigma }_{b}^{2}\right)$ is a random-effects intercept for each factory $i$ that accounts for factory-specific variation in quality.

`glme = fitglme(mfr,'defects ~ 1 + newprocess + time_dev + temp_dev + supplier + (1|factory)','Distribution','Poisson','Link','log','FitMethod','Laplace','DummyVarCoding','effects');`

Display the model.

`disp(glme)`
```Generalized linear mixed-effects model fit by ML Model information: Number of observations 100 Fixed effects coefficients 6 Random effects coefficients 20 Covariance parameters 1 Distribution Poisson Link Log FitMethod Laplace Formula: defects ~ 1 + newprocess + time_dev + temp_dev + supplier + (1 | factory) Model fit statistics: AIC BIC LogLikelihood Deviance 416.35 434.58 -201.17 402.35 Fixed effects coefficients (95% CIs): Name Estimate SE tStat DF pValue {'(Intercept)'} 1.4689 0.15988 9.1875 94 9.8194e-15 {'newprocess' } -0.36766 0.17755 -2.0708 94 0.041122 {'time_dev' } -0.094521 0.82849 -0.11409 94 0.90941 {'temp_dev' } -0.28317 0.9617 -0.29444 94 0.76907 {'supplier_C' } -0.071868 0.078024 -0.9211 94 0.35936 {'supplier_B' } 0.071072 0.07739 0.91836 94 0.36078 Lower Upper 1.1515 1.7864 -0.72019 -0.015134 -1.7395 1.5505 -2.1926 1.6263 -0.22679 0.083051 -0.082588 0.22473 Random effects covariance parameters: Group: factory (20 Levels) Name1 Name2 Type Estimate {'(Intercept)'} {'(Intercept)'} {'std'} 0.31381 Group: Error Name Estimate {'sqrt(Dispersion)'} 1 ```

The `Model information` table displays the total number of observations in the sample data (100), the number of fixed- and random-effects coefficients (6 and 20, respectively), and the number of covariance parameters (1). It also indicates that the response variable has a `Poisson` distribution, the link function is `Log`, and the fit method is `Laplace`.

`Formula` indicates the model specification using Wilkinson's notation.

The `Model fit statistics` table displays statistics used to assess the goodness of fit of the model. This includes the Akaike information criterion (`AIC`), Bayesian information criterion (`BIC`) values, log likelihood (`LogLikelihood`), and deviance (`Deviance`) values.

The `Fixed effects coefficients` table indicates that `fitglme` returned 95% confidence intervals. It contains one row for each fixed-effects predictor, and each column contains statistics corresponding to that predictor. Column 1 (`Name`) contains the name of each fixed-effects coefficient, column 2 (`Estimate`) contains its estimated value, and column 3 (`SE`) contains the standard error of the coefficient. Column 4 (`tStat`) contains the $t$-statistic for a hypothesis test that the coefficient is equal to 0. Column 5 (`DF`) and column 6 (`pValue`) contain the degrees of freedom and $p$-value that correspond to the $t$-statistic, respectively. The last two columns (`Lower` and `Upper`) display the lower and upper limits, respectively, of the 95% confidence interval for each fixed-effects coefficient.

`Random effects covariance parameters` displays a table for each grouping variable (here, only `factory`), including its total number of levels (20), and the type and estimate of the covariance parameter. Here, `std` indicates that `fitglme` returns the standard deviation of the random effect associated with the factory predictor, which has an estimated value of 0.31381. It also displays a table containing the error parameter type (here, the square root of the dispersion parameter), and its estimated value of 1.

The standard display generated by `fitglme` does not provide confidence intervals for the random-effects parameters. To compute and display these values, use `covarianceParameters`.