Orifice created by open segments with variable overlap in an isothermal system
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The Variable Overlapping Orifice (IL) block models flow through round holes with varying overlapping areas, such as a moving sleeve within a fixed case. The overlapping holes can have different diameters, but additional holes along the spool or sleeve have the same diameter.
The flow rate depends on the variable open area created by overlapping holes in the sleeve and casing. This instantaneous opening area is calculated as:
where:
r is the diameter of the smaller hole.
R is the diameter of the larger hole.
C is the absolute distance between the hole centers, calculated from the physical signal at port S, the instantaneous sleeve position, and the Sleeve position when holes are concentric, S0:
If the holes on the sleeve and casing have the same diameter, the overlap area becomes:
The flow through an orifice pair is calculated from the pressure-area relationship:
where:
Cd is the Discharge coefficient.
Aorifice is the area open to flow,
A is the Cross-sectional area at ports A and B.
is the average fluid density.
Pressure loss describes the reduction of pressure in the valve due to a decrease in area. The pressure loss term, PRloss is calculated as:
Pressure recovery describes the positive
pressure change in the valve due to an increase in area. If you do not wish to
capture this increase in pressure, set Pressure recovery to
Off
. In this case,
PRloss is 1.
The critical pressure difference, Δpcrit, is the pressure differential associated with the Critical Reynolds number, Recrit, the flow regime transition point between laminar and turbulent flow: