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nyquistplot

Nyquist plot with additional plot customization options

    Description

    nyquistplot lets you plot the Nyquist diagram of a dynamic system model with a broader range of plot customization options than nyquist. You can use nyquistplot to obtain the plot handle and use it to customize the plot, such as modify the axes labels, limits and units. You can also use nyquistplot to draw a Nyquist diagram on an existing set of axes represented by an axes handle. To customize an existing Nyquist plot using the plot handle:

    1. Obtain the plot handle

    2. Use getoptions to obtain the option set

    3. Update the plot using setoptions to modify the required options

    For more information, see Customizing Response Plots from the Command Line (Control System Toolbox). To create Nyquist plots with default options or to extract the standard deviation, real and imaginary parts of the frequency response data, use nyquist.

    example

    h = nyquistplot(sys) plots the Nyquist plot of the dynamic system model sys and returns the plot handle h to the plot. You can use this handle h to customize the plot with the getoptions and setoptions commands. If sys is a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) model, then nyquistplot produces a grid of Nyquist plots, each plot displaying the frequency response of one I/O pair.

    example

    h = nyquistplot(sys1,sys2,...,sysN) plots the Nyquist plot of multiple dynamic systems sys1,sys2,…,sysN on the same plot. All systems must have the same number of inputs and outputs to use this syntax.

    example

    h = nyquistplot(sys1,LineSpec1,...,sysN,LineSpecN) sets the line style, marker type, and color for the Nyquist plot of each system. All systems must have the same number of inputs and outputs to use this syntax.

    example

    h = nyquistplot(___,w) plots Nyquist diagram for frequencies specified by the frequencies in w.

    • If w is a cell array of the form {wmin,wmax}, then nyquistplot plots the Nyquist diagram at frequencies ranging between wmin and wmax.

    • If w is a vector of frequencies, then nyquistplot plots the Nyquist diagram at each specified frequency.

    You can use w with any of the input-argument combinations in previous syntaxes.

    See logspace to generate logarithmically spaced frequency vectors.

    h = nyquistplot(AX,___) plots the Nyquist plot on the Axes object in the current figure with the handle AX.

    example

    h = nyquistplot(___,plotoptions) plots the Nyquist plot with the options set specified in plotoptions. You can use these options to customize the Nyquist plot appearance using the command line. Settings you specify in plotoptions overrides the preference settings in the MATLAB® session in which you run nyquistplot. Therefore, this syntax is useful when you want to write a script to generate multiple plots that look the same regardless of the local preferences.

    Examples

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    For this example, use the plot handle to change the phase units to radians and to turn the grid on.

    Generate a random state-space model with 5 states and create the Nyquist diagram with plot handle h.

    rng("default")
    sys = rss(5);
    h = nyquistplot(sys);

    Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type line. This object represents sys.

    Change the phase units to radians and turn on the grid. To do so, edit properties of the plot handle, h using setoptions.

    setoptions(h,'PhaseUnits','rad','Grid','on');

    Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type line. This object represents sys.

    The Nyquist plot automatically updates when you call setoptions.

    Alternatively, you can also use the nyquistoptions command to specify the required plot options. First, create an options set based on the toolbox preferences.

    plotoptions = nyquistoptions('cstprefs');

    Change properties of the options set by setting the phase units to radians and enabling the grid.

    plotoptions.PhaseUnits = 'rad';
    plotoptions.Grid = 'on';
    nyquistplot(sys,plotoptions);

    Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type line. This object represents sys.

    You can use the same option set to create multiple Nyquist plots with the same customization. Depending on your own toolbox preferences, the plot you obtain might look different from this plot. Only the properties that you set explicitly, in this example PhaseUnits and Grid, override the toolbox preferences.

    Create a Nyquist plot of a dynamic system model and store a handle to the plot.

    sys = tf(100,[1,2,1]);
    h = nyquistplot(sys);

    Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type line. This object represents sys.

    Change the plot title to read "Nyquist Plot of sys." To do so, use getoptions to extract the existing plot options from the plot handle h.

    opt = getoptions(h)
    opt =
    
                             FreqUnits: 'rad/s'
                              MagUnits: 'dB'
                            PhaseUnits: 'deg'
                       ShowFullContour: 'on'
              ConfidenceRegionNumberSD: 1
        ConfidenceRegionDisplaySpacing: 5
                            IOGrouping: 'none'
                           InputLabels: [1x1 struct]
                          OutputLabels: [1x1 struct]
                          InputVisible: {'on'}
                         OutputVisible: {'on'}
                                 Title: [1x1 struct]
                                XLabel: [1x1 struct]
                                YLabel: [1x1 struct]
                             TickLabel: [1x1 struct]
                                  Grid: 'off'
                             GridColor: [0.1500 0.1500 0.1500]
                                  XLim: {[-20 100]}
                                  YLim: {[-80 80]}
                              XLimMode: {'auto'}
                              YLimMode: {'auto'}
    

    The Title option is a structure with several fields.

    opt.Title
    ans = struct with fields:
             String: 'Nyquist Diagram'
           FontSize: 11
         FontWeight: 'bold'
          FontAngle: 'normal'
              Color: [0 0 0]
        Interpreter: 'tex'
    
    

    Change the String field of the Title structure, and use setoptions to apply the change to the plot.

    opt.Title.String = 'Nyquist Plot of sys';
    setoptions(h,opt)

    Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type line. This object represents sys.

    Plot the Nyquist frequency response of a dynamic system. Assign a variable name to the plot handle so that you can access it for further manipulation.

    sys = tf(100,[1,2,1]);
    h = nyquistplot(sys);

    Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type line. This object represents sys.

    Zoom in on the critical point, (–1,0). You can do so interactively by right-clicking on the plot and selecting Zoom on (-1,0). Alternatively, use the zoomcp command on the plot handle h.

    zoomcp(h)

    Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type line. This object represents sys.

    Compare the frequency responses of identified state-space models of order 2 and 6 along with their 1-std confidence regions rendered at every 50th frequency sample.

    Load the identified model data and estimate the state-space models using n4sid. Then, plot the Nyquist diagram.

    load iddata1
    sys1 = n4sid(z1,2); 
    sys2 = n4sid(z1,6);
    w = linspace(10,10*pi,256);
    h = nyquistplot(sys1,sys2,w);

    Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title From: u1 To: y1 contains 2 objects of type line. These objects represent sys1, sys2.

    Both models produce about 76% fit to data. However, sys2 shows higher uncertainty in its frequency response, especially close to Nyquist frequency as shown by the plot. To see this, show the confidence region at a subset of the points at which the Nyquist response is displayed.

    setoptions(h,'ConfidenceRegionDisplaySpacing',50,...
                 'ShowFullContour','off');

    Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title From: u1 To: y1 contains 2 objects of type line. These objects represent sys1, sys2.

    To turn on the confidence region display, right-click the plot and select Characteristics > Confidence Region.

    nyquistplot_conf.png

    For this example, consider a MIMO state-space model with 3 inputs, 3 outputs and 3 states. Create a Nyquist plot, display only the partial contour and turn the grid on.

    Create the MIMO state-space model sys_mimo.

    J = [8 -3 -3; -3 8 -3; -3 -3 8];
    F = 0.2*eye(3);
    A = -J\F;
    B = inv(J);
    C = eye(3);
    D = 0;
    sys_mimo = ss(A,B,C,D);
    size(sys_mimo)
    State-space model with 3 outputs, 3 inputs, and 3 states.
    

    Create a Nyquist plot with plot handle h and use getoptions for a list of the options available.

    h = nyquistplot(sys_mimo);

    Figure contains 9 axes objects. Axes object 1 with title From: In(1), ylabel To: Out(1) contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 2 with ylabel To: Out(2) contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 3 with ylabel To: Out(3) contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 4 with title From: In(2) contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 5 contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 6 contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 7 with title From: In(3) contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 8 contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 9 contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo.

    p = getoptions(h)
    p =
    
                             FreqUnits: 'rad/s'
                              MagUnits: 'dB'
                            PhaseUnits: 'deg'
                       ShowFullContour: 'on'
              ConfidenceRegionNumberSD: 1
        ConfidenceRegionDisplaySpacing: 5
                            IOGrouping: 'none'
                           InputLabels: [1x1 struct]
                          OutputLabels: [1x1 struct]
                          InputVisible: {3x1 cell}
                         OutputVisible: {3x1 cell}
                                 Title: [1x1 struct]
                                XLabel: [1x1 struct]
                                YLabel: [1x1 struct]
                             TickLabel: [1x1 struct]
                                  Grid: 'off'
                             GridColor: [0.1500 0.1500 0.1500]
                                  XLim: {3x1 cell}
                                  YLim: {3x1 cell}
                              XLimMode: {3x1 cell}
                              YLimMode: {3x1 cell}
    

    Use setoptions to update the plot with the requires customization.

    setoptions(h,'ShowFullContour','off','Grid','on');

    Figure contains 9 axes objects. Axes object 1 with title From: In(1), ylabel To: Out(1) contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 2 with ylabel To: Out(2) contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 3 with ylabel To: Out(3) contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 4 with title From: In(2) contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 5 contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 6 contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 7 with title From: In(3) contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 8 contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo. Axes object 9 contains an object of type line. This object represents sys\_mimo.

    The Nyquist plot automatically updates when you call setoptions. For MIMO models, nyquistplot produces an array of Nyquist diagrams, each plot displaying the frequency response of one I/O pair.

    Input Arguments

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    Dynamic system, specified as a SISO or MIMO dynamic system model or array of dynamic system models. Dynamic systems that you can use include:

    • Continuous-time or discrete-time numeric LTI models, such as tf (Control System Toolbox), zpk (Control System Toolbox), or ss (Control System Toolbox) models.

    • Sparse state-space models, such as sparss (Control System Toolbox) or mechss (Control System Toolbox) models. Frequency grid w must be specified for sparse models.

    • Generalized or uncertain LTI models such as genss (Control System Toolbox) or uss (Robust Control Toolbox) models. (Using uncertain models requires Robust Control Toolbox™ software.)

      • For tunable control design blocks, the function evaluates the model at its current value to plot the frequency response data.

      • For uncertain control design blocks, the function plots the nominal value and random samples of the model.

    • Frequency-response data models such as frd models. For such models, the function plots the Nyquist plot at frequencies defined in the model.

    • Identified LTI models, such as idtf, idss, or idproc models.

    If sys is an array of models, the function plots the Nyquist responses of all models in the array on the same axes.

    Line style, marker, and color, specified as a character vector or string containing symbols. The symbols can appear in any order. You do not need to specify all three characteristics (line style, marker, and color). For example, if you omit the line style and specify the marker, then the plot shows only the marker and no line.

    Example: '--or' is a red dashed line with circle markers

    Line StyleDescription
    -Solid line
    --Dashed line
    :Dotted line
    -.Dash-dot line
    MarkerDescription
    'o'Circle
    '+'Plus sign
    '*'Asterisk
    '.'Point
    'x'Cross
    '_'Horizontal line
    '|'Vertical line
    's'Square
    'd'Diamond
    '^'Upward-pointing triangle
    'v'Downward-pointing triangle
    '>'Right-pointing triangle
    '<'Left-pointing triangle
    'p'Pentagram
    'h'Hexagram
    ColorDescription

    y

    yellow

    m

    magenta

    c

    cyan

    r

    red

    g

    green

    b

    blue

    w

    white

    k

    black

    Target axes, specified as an Axes or UIAxes object. If you do not specify the axes and if the current axes are Cartesian axes, then nyquistplot plots on the current axes.

    Nyquist plot options set, specified as a NyquistPlotOptions object. You can use this option set to customize the Nyquist plot appearance. Use nyquistoptions to create the option set. Settings you specify in plotoptions overrides the preference settings in the MATLAB session in which you run nyquistplot. Therefore, plotoptions is useful when you want to write a script to generate multiple plots that look the same regardless of the local preferences.

    For the list of available options, see nyquistoptions.

    Frequencies at which to compute and plot Nyquist response, specified as the cell array {wmin,wmax} or as a vector of frequency values.

    • If w is a cell array of the form {wmin,wmax}, then the function computes the response at frequencies ranging between wmin and wmax.

    • If w is a vector of frequencies, then the function computes the response at each specified frequency. For example, use logspace to generate a row vector with logarithmically spaced frequency values.

    Specify frequencies in units of rad/TimeUnit, where TimeUnit is the TimeUnit property of the model.

    Output Arguments

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    Plot handle, returned as a handle object. Use the handle h to get and set the properties of the Nyquist plot using getoptions and setoptions. For the list of available options, see the Properties and Values Reference section in Customizing Response Plots from the Command Line (Control System Toolbox).

    Tips

    • There are two zoom options available from the right-click menu that apply specifically to Nyquist plots:

      • Full View — Clips unbounded branches of the Nyquist plot, but still includes the critical point (–1, 0).

      • Zoom on (-1,0) — Zooms around the critical point (–1,0). To access critical-point zoom programmatically, use the zoomcp command. See Zoom on Critical Point.

    • To activate data markers that display the real and imaginary values at a given frequency, click anywhere on the curve. The following figure shows a Nyquist plot with a data marker.

    Version History

    Introduced in R2012a